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Traditions

Tea Ceremony

Cérémonie du thé  ·  sadō

茶道
Steam rising from a tea bowl beside a paper screen, woodblock print

The tea ceremony (茶道, sadō or chadō, "the way of tea") is the ritual preparation and serving of matcha, powdered green tea, raised over centuries into one of Japan's most refined arts. It is far more than making a drink: it is a choreographed, meditative encounter in which every gesture, object, and moment is composed to create a single shared experience of stillness and grace.

The way of tea

Tea drinking came from China with Zen Buddhism, but it was in 16th-century Japan that it became chanoyu, "the way of tea." The master Sen no Rikyū stripped it of ostentation and fixed its spirit in four words: wa, kei, sei, jaku (和敬清寂): harmony, respect, purity, and tranquillity. Under his influence the ceremony embraced wabi-sabi, the beauty of the simple, rough, and imperfect: plain rustic bowls, an unadorned room, a single flower. His lineage endures in the great tea schools that still teach the practice today.

“One time, one meeting — this gathering will never come again.”

The room and the ritual

A full ceremony unfolds in a chashitsu (茶室), a small, spare tea room entered through a low doorway that forces everyone, noble or commoner, to bow as they enter. Guests admire a hanging scroll and a seasonal flower, are served a sweet (wagashi) to offset the tea's bitterness, and then watch the host purify each utensil, measure the powder, and whisk the matcha with slow, exact movements. The bowl is turned, offered, received with both hands, turned again, and drunk. Behind the calm lies the idea of ichi-go ichi-e, "one time, one meeting," that this gathering, these people, this moment, will never recur exactly, and so deserve full presence.

Words & idioms to take away

Idioms & proverbs to carry away

  • 和敬清寂 (wa-kei-sei-jaku): "harmony, respect, purity, tranquillity," the four principles of tea attributed to Rikyū, a compact summary of its whole spirit.
  • 一期一会 (ichi-go ichi-e): "one time, one meeting," treasure each encounter as unrepeatable. Born in the tea room, now a widely loved maxim for life.

Key kanji

Key words

チャ、サ

tea

N3 · grade 2

Open full entry for 茶 on kanjidraw.com ↗

ドウ、トウ、みち、いう

road-way; street; district; journey; course; moral

N4 · grade 2

Open full entry for 道 on kanjidraw.com ↗

茶道

さどう

tea ceremony; Way of Tea; sadō

noun

Open full entry for 茶道 on kanjidraw.com ↗

抹茶

まっちゃ

matcha; powdered green tea

noun

Open full entry for 抹茶 on kanjidraw.com ↗

茶室

ちゃしつ

tearoom; tea house; tea-ceremony room; tea arbour; tea arbor

noun

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和敬清寂

わけいせいじゃく

harmony, respect, purity and tranquility; the four most important elements of the tea ceremony

noun

Open full entry for 和敬清寂 on kanjidraw.com ↗